User:白学家羊驼/slāi-baau-hī

Slāi-baau-hī zí gō hài cói ngàai slāi-baau-zat baau-wài gō jáu gōk-zúng-gōk-jòeng hìng-tāai lau gung-nàng gō gāu-zàu.

gī hài slāi-baau gō ah bù-fàn, zùng hài slāi-baau lí-tàu jí saang-màt-mōk lau slāi-baau kì-taa bù-fàn gāak-hoi lòi, gung-nàng dùk-làp gō āa slāi-baau gīt-gāu, gī lau slāi-baau-zat gi-zat, slāi-baau gwat-gāa ah-cài ngàai hāam-zū slāi-baau-zat.

Slāi-baau-hī gō zúng-lùi

Slāi-baau-hī hó-jī gan-gì gī jáu gí-do càng mōk dàai-kōi fan sèng 3 zúng:

• Song càng mōk nùi-gùng-saang-tái slāi-baau-hī zí-jīu baau-kwāat jìp-lùk-tái lau slīn-nap-tái dáng.

• Daan càng mōk slāi-baau-hī zí-jīu baau-kwāat nùi-zat-móng, Golgi-tái, jìk-pāau, jùng-mùi-tái lau gwō-jóeng-fāa-màt-mùi-tái dáng.

Zí-jiū gō zan-hàt slāi-baau-hī

Slāi-baau-hī	Zí-jiū gung-nàng	Gīt-gāu	Saang-màt-tái	Bì-zī
Slāi-baau-bēk	separates the interior of all cells from the outside environment (the extracellular space) which protects the cell from its environment.	two-dimensional liquid	all eukaryotes
Slāi-baau-mōk	The cell wall is composed of peptidoglycan and is rigid, provides shape to the cell, helps to keeps the organelles inside the cell, and does not let the cell burst due to changes in osmotic pressure.	cellulose	plants, protists, rare kleptoplastic organisms
chloroplast (plastid)	photosynthesis, traps energy from sunlight	double-membrane compartment	plants, protists, rare kleptoplastic organisms	has own DNA; theorized to be engulfed by the ancestral eukaryotic cell (endosymbiosis)
endoplasmic reticulum	translation and folding of new proteins (rough endoplasmic reticulum), expression of lipids (smooth endoplasmic reticulum)	single-membrane compartment	all eukaryotes	rough endoplasmic reticulum is covered with ribosomes, has folds that are flat sacs; smooth endoplasmic reticulum has folds that are tubular
flagellum	locomotion, sensory	protein	some eukaryotes
Golgi apparatus	sorting, packaging, processing and modification of proteins	single-membrane compartment	all eukaryotes	cis-face (convex) nearest to rough endoplasmic reticulum; trans-face (concave) farthest from rough endoplasmic reticulum
mitochondrion	energy production from the oxidation of glucose substances and the release of adenosine triphosphate	double-membrane compartment	most eukaryotes	constituting element of the chondriome; has own DNA; theorized to have been engulfed by an ancestral eukaryotic cell (endosymbiosis)
nucleus	DNA maintenance, controls all activities of the cell, RNA transcription	double-membrane compartment	all eukaryotes	contains bulk of genome
vacuole	storage, transportation, helps maintain homeostasis	single-membrane compartment	eukaryotes

Mitochondria and plastids, including chloroplasts, have double membranes and their own DNA. According to the endosymbiotic theory, they are believed to have originated from incompletely consumed or invading prokaryotic organisms.

Minor eukaryotic organelles and cell components

Organelle/Macromolecule	Main function	Structure	Organisms
acrosome	helps spermatozoa fuse with ovum	single-membrane compartment	most animals
autophagosome	vesicle that sequesters cytoplasmic material and organelles for degradation	double-membrane compartment	all eukaryotes
centriole	anchor for cytoskeleton, organizes cell division by forming spindle fibers	Microtubule protein	animals
cilium	movement in or of external medium; "critical developmental signaling pathway".	Microtubule protein	animals, protists, few plants
cnidocyst	stinging	coiled hollow tubule	cnidarians
eyespot apparatus	detects light, allowing phototaxis to take place		green algae and other unicellular photosynthetic organisms such as euglenids
glycosome	carries out glycolysis	single-membrane compartment	Some protozoa, such as Trypanosomes.
glyoxysome	conversion of fat into sugars	single-membrane compartment	plants
hydrogenosome	energy & hydrogen production	double-membrane compartment	a few unicellular eukaryotes
lysosome	breakdown of large molecules (e.g., proteins + polysaccharides)	single-membrane compartment	animals
melanosome	pigment storage	single-membrane compartment	animals
mitosome	probably plays a role in Iron-sulfur cluster (Fe-S) assembly	double-membrane compartment	a few unicellular eukaryotes that lack mitochondria
myofibril	myocyte contraction	bundled filaments	animals
nucleolus	pre-ribosome production	protein-DNA-RNA	most eukaryotes
ocelloid	detects light and possibly shapes, allowing phototaxis to take place	double-membrane compartment	members of the family Warnowiaceae
parenthesome	not characterized	not characterized	fungi
peroxisome	breakdown of metabolic hydrogen peroxide	single-membrane compartment	all eukaryotes
proteasome	degradation of unneeded or damaged proteins by proteolysis	very large protein complex	all eukaryotes, all archaea, and some bacteria
ribosome (80S)	translation of RNA into proteins	RNA-protein	all eukaryotes
stress granule	mRNA storage	membraneless (mRNP complexes)	most eukaryotes
TIGER domain	mRNA encoding proteins	membraneless	most organisms
vesicle	material transport	single-membrane compartment	all eukaryotes